Esther Chapter 3

Study notes from Esther Chapter 3 (theme verse Malachi 3:16)

Quote--“Everything that is not God serves a purpose higher than itself. Nothing is to be justified as “an end in itself” or “for its own sake.” John Piper

Esther parallels many Proverbs and this one fits Xerxes and Haman, “If a ruler pays attention to lies, all his servants become wicked” Proverbs 29:12.

3:1-2, Xerxes promotes Haman, an Agagite,(1 Samuel 15:1-9), to Prime Minister. Chapter 2 concluded with Mordechai the Jew unrecognized for saving the king’s life, yet chapter 3 opens with the promotion of an enemy of the Jews. *Bible commentators agree Haman’s plan to annihilate the Jews was maybe a plot of Satan’s to stop the birth of Jesus.

(2:21-23) Mordecai never demanded recognition. Sometimes a good work will go unnoticed.

3:2, Xerxes again shows his lackadaisical governing by giving special treatment to Haman, whom he has not properly vetted. Everyone must to bow when Haman walks by, not because he is royalty, but by law. It sounds like a lobbyist’s addition to a government bill. A last minute tacked on codicil, “I promote Haman, the Agagite to Prime Minister, um, oh yeah, and everyone must bow to him.

3:2, Mordechai is a part of Xerxes court (2:21), a good social position. Compliance to the order was the easy way to go. The small compromise was the simple route, but he chose to expose his Jewishness by not bowing to Haman. Christians may find they easily compromise the simpler things but that should never be.

(2:10) Esther hid her heritage, yet changed the atmosphere around her. Mordecai was open of his faith, and changed the atmosphere around him. Each made a beautiful statement for God. Witnessing has no pattern. God designed many members in the church body preforming differently and each empowered by the Holy Spirit. (Ephesians 4:1-15)

When rules are enacted against Christian values, people watch to see if Christians will stand on their faith or compromise under their threats. (1 Peter 3:15-17) The simple act of Christian public prayer is often attacked. 3:3-7,

The palace social order watched Mordecai’s rebellion with interest. When Haman failed to notice, they told him to see his reaction. (Proverbs 27:4) By his uncompromised stand, Mordecai exposed Haman’s darkness. (Ephesians 5:26)

Jesus said(to us) “You are the  light of the world. A city that is set on a hill cannot be hidden. Matthew 5:14.

“Let your light so shine before men, that they see your good works and glorify your Father in heaven” Matthew 5:16.

#Haman’s problem was his own character and Mordecai was exposing it by not saying a word.

Mordecai and Haman bookend this Proverb, “Better is the poor who walks in his integrity than one perverse in his ways, though he be rich.” Proverbs 28:6. Haman held a precarious social position in a weak kingdom destined to fall in a few years. Mordecai had power from Almighty God’s eternal kingdom.

Jesus tells us, “He who does not take up his cross and follow after Me is not worthy of Me. He who finds his life will lose it, and he who loses his life for My sake will find it” Matthew 10:38,39. This was Mordecai’s witness. Mordecai’s love for God was stronger than life on earth. Mordecai’s faith in eternal life through God was greater than the threat of death by an Agagite at the order of a Persian king. (1 Peter 5:8)

3:6-11. Haman has no respect for his king. By planning to commit genocide before addressing the king, he has elevated himself to the level of the king. Haman doesn’t sit on the throne of Persia. The Jews are not in his power to exalt or destroy, yet he has everything in place before he approaches the king with a half-truth. A half-truth is still a lie. And he used flattery of promised wealth and power to persuade Xerxes, thus proving Proverbs 26:23)

Satan also attempted to exalt himself above his King? Isaiah 14:12-15

3:9,10, Haman’s proposal is similar to what many societies are doing to Christians around the world by enacting laws to annihilate us. Like King Xerxes, many Governing officials do not understand the horrible wrong those laws do to their own positions. If groups or cultures could erase Christianity, nations would lapse into complete chaos. (2 Thessalonians 2)

3:12, In the approved document, it seems Hebrew is the only excluded language. For the Jews scattered throughout the Persian Empire, this must have been a frightening thing to read. They have no clue why Xerxes has ordered them killed. They have months of oppression, waiting to be attacked in their own homes. Maybe some lost their jobs, others might have fled their cities, hoping to escape.

3:14,15. When the document was posted in the capital, the ordinary person was astonished. Because Mordecai’s action took place in the palace, (3:2), Haman’s hatred maybe hadn’t been generally publicized. So seeing the decree without cause would be very unsettling not only for the Jews but for everyone.

*"The edict bewildered the people in the city of Susa (Shushan) Apparently such a decree had never before come from the royal court. Haman’s bloodthirstiness, along with Xerxes seeming indifference to such atrocities was incredible even to a sophisticated society which was used to cruel behavior. Perhaps other minority populations wondered if they would be next to be annihilated". (Bible Knowledge Commentary, pg 706)

3:8, & 15, Haman lied to the king about why the Jews should be killed. (again Prov. 26:23). For Haman the less the king knew the better. For if such a paltry matter were revealed, the death penalty might be more an embarrassment to Xerxes. As it was, the city couldn’t figure out the king’s unreasonable order.

3:15 Ch 1 the king made a law while drunk. Now with the decree in place, Haman and Xerxes sat down to drink. What a shame to the kingdom. (Prov. 31:4,5) “Like a roaring lion and a charging bear is a wicked ruler over poor people” Proverbs 28:15. Xerxes and Haman, Weak and wicked.

Lesson points:

1. Your good works may never be rewarded in your life on earth

2. Sometimes we need to be a silent witness for God like Esther, sometimes we need to be an open witness for God like Mordecai. (Matthew 10:38,39)

3. Know the enemy; take special interest in how he works. (1 Peter5:8)

4. It takes knowledge and faith to hold on when everything seems lost.

Extra reading: Mordechai’s faith and witness examples for us found throughout the Scriptures. Holiness to God amidst unholy unbelief needs faith that God will keep His promises. Mordecai showed what a man ‘standing in the gap’ can do for his family and his nation. Ezekiel 22:30., Hebrews 11:25,26., Daniel1:8, 6:10., Psalm 18:39., Joshua 1:9., Jeremiah 1:18,19., John 17:16., Matthew 28:18-20., Acts 1:8., Romans 12:21., 2 Corinthians 5:7., Ephesians 6:10-18., Philippians 1:6, 3:20., 4:4-9,. 1 Thessalonians 5:12-24.

*Historical information from Bible Knowledge Commentary & Commentary, study notes of J. Vernon McGee

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